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Arcbishop Carlos Duarte Costa, 1st Patriarch of ICAB, Bishop Souza & Bishop Ferraz in 1946. INFANCY TO VOCATION Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa was consecrated as the Roman Catholic Diocesan Bishop of Botucatu in Brazil on December 8, 1924, until certain views he expressed about the treatment of the Brazil’s poor, by both the civil government and the Roman Catholic Church in Brazil, caused his removal from the Diocese of Botucatu. Archbishop Duarte Costa was subsequently named Titular Bishop of Maura by the late Pope Pius XII (Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli, Former Vatican Secretary of State until 1939, under Pope Pius XI).Archbishop Duarte Costa had been a strong advocate in the 1930s for the reform of the Roman Catholic Church and he challenged many of the key issues that the Second Vatican Council would later thirty-five years take action upon.The Brazilian Government came under the criticism of Archbishop Duarte Costa for collaborationwith the Roman Church over these passports. Archbishop Duarte Costa espoused more pastoral Church positions on divorce, challenged mandatory celibacy for the clergy, and publicly stated his contempt regarding abuses of papal power, including the concept of Papal Infallibility, which the Archbishop considered a misguided and false dogma. The Founder of the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil (Igreja Católica Apostólica Brasileira) was born at the neighbourhood of Saint Antonio, the residence of his uncle, then Eduardo Duarte da Silva, in the City of Rio de Janeiro as a son of João Matta Francisco Costa and Maria Carlota Duarte da Silva Costa on July 21, 1888. He was baptized on September 3, 1888, by the Reverend Father Francisco Goulart and confirmed by Bishop João Eberhard.At the age of nine, he made his first communion, on July 24, 1897, in the Cathedral of Uberaba, at the hands of his uncle, Archbishop Eduardo Duarte e Silva. He concluded his primary studies at Santa Rosa College in Rio de Janeiro. Later, his uncle was raised to the Episcopal Dignity, being nominated Diocesan Bishop with his See in Uberaba, exerting a dynamic and efficient apostolate in the pasturing of the souls in his diocese. As a child of nine years, Carlos Duarte Costa was taken by his uncle, Eduardo Duarte e Silva, now an archbishop, to Rome to study in the American College Boarding School Pius-Latin where he completed courses in the minor seminary. In 1905, he returned to Brazil for health reasons, having been entered in the largest seminary inUberaba, for the Congregation of Augustinian Priests, where he finished his Philosophical and Theological studies in the major seminary.Deacon Carlos Duarte Costa was a senior cleric for his uncle, Eduardo Duarte e Silva, in the Cathedral Church of Uberaba. In the same Cathedral Church, Father Carlos Duarte Costa celebrated his first Mass filled with the faithful on May 4, 1911. After his ordination, he returned to Rome to better himself and obtained a Doctorate in Theology at the Gregorian Pontifical University of Rome.Returning from Rome, he worked with his uncle, Eduardo Duarte e Silva in Uberaba, as Secretary of the Diocese.  FATHER CARLOS DUARTE COSTA
Then Father Carlos Duarte Costa was awarded with title of Monsignor for the publication of a catechism for children. Soon afterwards, he was nominated Apostolic Protonatario and General Secretary of the Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro, for Sebastião Cardinal Helm of the Silveira Cintra, succeeding Joaquim Cardinal Arcoverde de Albuquerque Cavalcanti, executing this function until May 24, 1923, when the Vicar General of the Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro was nominated.
FATHER CARLOS DUARTE COSTA WITH HIS BISHOP OUTSIDE BISHOP OF BOTUCATU Since the death of Bishop Lacio in 1923, Botucatu remained a vacant diocese. For his work, for his dynamism and virtues, in the fulfilment of his duty in the Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro, Pope Pius XII nominated Monsignor Carlos Duarte Costa as the Bishop of Botucatu on July 04, 1924. His Episcopal consecration was occurred at the Metropolitan Cathedral of Rio de Janeiro, on December 8, 1924, he was consecrated by His Eminence Sebastião Leme Cardinal da Silveira Cintra, assisted by Alberto José Gonçalves, Bishop of Ribeirão Preto, and Benedito Paulo Alves de Souza, Bishop of the Holy Spirit POLITICAL AND SOCIAL INFLUENCE In the 1930s, he was one of the great articulators of Catholic Electoral Union where Catholics also defended the Catholic vote against the politicians. It intended of this to form and to preserve the Christian principle in the Laws and Acts of the Politicians, as for example, the creation of a rule of law for the divorce, that it is an act denied the poor persons for the Roman Catholic Church, but widely supported for the Bible. In 1932, on the occasion of the Constitutionalist Revolution, Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa formed a “Diocesan Battalion of the Hunters,” generally known as the “Battalion of the Bishop,” to fight to the side of the Constitutionalist Troops. For this he collected deep between the fiduciary offices, he sold his pectoral gold cross with amethyst and precious gems, and a farm of the Diocese, demonstrating his deep love to the cause of the freedom and to the democratic institutions. Such acts caused great national repercussions; it had who supported it, therefore being Dom Carioca Carlos, he raised the São Paulo flag and he made many more compatriots; but he also had those who disapproved, and were envious of his popularity, as he, acting as a true Moses, was searching for all the forms and ways of freedom for the Brazilian people. Due to the construction of the new Cathedral, of the Orphanage and the College, in addition to other projects, Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa initiated the sale of some property of the Diocese, to be able to erase the debt, with the purpose to support, and to help the hungry poor persons of the time. The benefits of his shining administration are still standing in the São Paulo City of Botucatu, as a testimony of his capacity and determination. POLITICAL PRESSURE AND FORCED RESIGNATION President Getúlio Dornelles Vargas infuriated with Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa for his havingConvened a battalion of soldiers from the Constitutional Troops to join him in his struggle against the corruption of the government. President Getúlio Dornelles Vargas asked the Holy See for the removal of Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa from the Diocese of Botucatu.The Vatican could not do this directly, so the Apostolic Nuncio in Brazil entered into an agreement with the Secretary of the Diocese of Botucatu to obtain the resignation of Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa as Diocesan Bishop of Botucatu.This unchristian and perverse secretary, in the daily documents and reports that Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa always had to sign, placed the resignation letter within a series of documents, which Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa signed as a result of the deception.The Diocesan of Botucatu informed the Holy See that Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa had signed the document mistakenly without reading it. This happened in the beginning of 1937.The Holy See renounced claims that it was a forgery, based on the Secretary of the Diocese, and the resignation was accepted by Pope Pius XII on October 6, 1937.After the acceptance of his resignation, Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa was appointed Titular Bishop of Maura, an extinct diocese. TITULAR BISHOP OF MAURA After his “forced resignation,” Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa, definitively abandoned the life of richcapitalism, imposed by the Vatican, and went to live humbly, in the City of Rio de Janeiro as Bishop Emeritus of Botucatu, with the title of Titular Bishop of Maura, where he obtained the determined support of his protector, Sebastião Leme Cardinal da Silveira Cintra, who granted permission to him to keep the particular Chapel, with the Blessed Sacrament in its residence, as well as presiding over marriage, to celebrate festive and solemn masses and to manage the Sacrament of the Chrism in the parishes where he was invited by the respective vicars.At this time he established the messenger magazine “Nossos,” a vehicle to spread the devotion to Our Holy Mother.Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa, always courageous, analyzed all the human problems, of the necessary goods, of the degeneration of the Church of Rome. Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa took the See in the title of Rio de Janerio, i.e., Archbishop of Rio de Janerio. DIVERGENCE FROM THE ROMAN CHURCH What Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa had carried through in Botucatu was to start alone. Speaking against the domination that oppressed the poor Brazilian people and mainly the sacrifices of the work force, he renounced the luxury and material products obtained through their oppressed labour.Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa intensified his politic work and was critical of the efforts of theRoman Catholic Church. Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa went very well in Rio de Janeiro, under the protection of Sebastião Leme Cardinal da Silveira Cintra, but with the death of his protector and friend Bishop Jayme de Barros Camara was nominated as Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro. The Cardinal persecuted him and pursued it to the extreme cutting all the episcopal exemptions to him that had been granted by his predecessor in the Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro. On June 6, 1944, Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa, by the order of the government facilitated by the Apostolic Nuncio joining the Brazilian fascists, was imprisoned and led to Belo Horizonte where he was accused of being a communist sympathizer and remained imprisoned until September 6, 1944. When the order against the Brazilian Association of the Press was lifted, the government of Mexico and the United Nations intervened together to the Brazilian government through its intermediaries of their embassies in favour of Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa. THE FOUNDING OF THE CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC CHURCH OF BRAZIL  When he learned of his automatic excommunication (although their is no evidence to be found of this to this present day), Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa responded that he established the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil (Igreja Católica Apostólica Brasileira) on July 6, 1945. The extract of the statutes of the New Church was published in Federal official gazette, Page 12, 637, July 25, 1945. The Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil was registered in Book No. 2 of the Civil Societies under Number 107.966 of the Book A, Number 4.Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa appointed Bishop Olinto Ferreira Pinto Filho as his Personal Secretary for the new founded Brazilian Catholic Church. Bishop Olinto Ferreira Pinto Filho was consecrated bishop by Bishop Pedro dos Santos Silva who was consecrated sacred bishop byArchbishop Carlos Duarte Costa in 1956. Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa was the first Patriarch of the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church.
PERSECUTION AGAINST THE CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC CHURCH OF BRAZIL When Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa established the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil (IgrejaCatólica Apostólica Brasileira), he used the same vestments, insignia, and rites of the Roman Catholic Church; therefore, the cardinals of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro had appealed to the Minister of Justice and the President of the Brazilian Republic.On September 27, 1948, the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil was closed by virtue of legal action of the Courts of the Brazilian Republic. And Doctor Haroldo Teixeira Valladão, on July 7, 1948, published the decision in the official Federal gazette of September 25, 1948.On November 30, 1948, Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa entered in the Federal Court of Appeals and with a Writ of Mandamus petitioned for Judges Carpenter Luiz and Benjamin requiring the reopening of the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil. The Brazilian government, through their intermediary of the Minister of Justice, Dr. Agamenon Magalhães, on September 22, 1948, said, “… it is not intention of the Government to submit the heads, or fiduciary offices of the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil to any constraint in its freedom of worship while it uses vestments, insignia, badges, and different rites than that of the Roman Catholic Church.”Reopening the Churches, Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa instituted rites, vestments, proper insignias, and grey cassocks for the priests in the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil. He instituted grey soutanes with cinctures; grey soutanes with red cinctures and red bands and stockings for the bishops to obey the order of the Minister of Justice, Dr. Agamenon Magalhães, in order not to be confused with the Roman Church. IN DEATH, EXALTED TO THE ALTARS  Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa guided, directed, and governed the Brazilian Church with a firm hand for sixteen (16) years until he fell asleep in Christ at Rio de Janeiro on Palm Sunday, March 26, 1961.At that time, Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa, at 73 year old age, had 50 priests and 37 bishops.The death of Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa moved all of the Brazilian people, mainly in the City of Rio de Janeiro. Igreja-Mae and Couto Street of fiduciary offices had been overcrowded with people.The people wanted to see their shepherd. It was a burial worthy of a bishop who was very much loved by the people.The coffin with the mortal remains of Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa proceeded down Igreja-Mae, on Couto No. 54 Street, where Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa was entombed with all the honours of a bishop in the presence of the bishops of the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil (Igreja Católica Apostólica Brasileira). The life of Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa being distinguished for its absolute chastity, devotion the Holy Virgin Maria and the Eucharistic, where he passed several hours daily, in worship to the most august Sacrament of the Altar. Therefore, all who have had appealed to the Triune God, through his intercession, had been blessed with favours and miracles. Due to everything he had done, he was granted the honour of the altars by the national episcopate from July 4 to 6, 1970, on the Street of the Couto, No. 54, quarter of the Penha, in Rio de Janeiro, with the title of “São Carlos of Brazil.”
H.E. ARCHBISHOP CARLOS DUARTE COSTA CONSECRATED H.E. BISHOP LUIS FERNANDO CASTILLO MENDEZ IN 1948. PATRIARCH LUIS FERNANDO CASTILLO-MÉNDEZ The fourth bishop that Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa gave the Roman Catholic Apostolic Succession to was Bishop Luis Fernando Castillo-Méndez in the Balboa Republic of Panama on May 3, 1948, with the title of “Titular Patriarch of Caracas” and Primate of Venezuela, for having founded the Venezuelan Catholic Apostolic National Church. Upon the death of Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa, he became the Patriarch of Brazil and the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil.His Beatitude Luis Fernando Castillo-Méndez, Patriarch of Brazil and All Catholic Apostolic National Churches and Archbishop of Brasilia, was consecrated by and succeeded the late Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa as Primate in 1961. Patriarch Luis Fernando Castillo-Méndez was still leading the National Catholic Apostolic Church Worldwide, founded by the late Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa until is death on the 29th October 2009 at 09.00 AM. Patriarch castillo Mendez also founded a further church authorised and decreed to be independent of ICAB known by the name of ICAB UK which was founded as a Tridentine Church which adheres to the pre Vatican II doctrine and liturgy. Many national churches are now estimated to have a combined worldwide membership, which exceeds ten million members. According to the ancient practice of the early Church and among many Orthodox Christian bishops, such Catholic Apostolic Churches exist in their countries, functioning as autonomous, co-operating Churches, subscribing to the same core theological values. NO QUESTION OF VALIDITY  Of interest as a side note, Bishop Salomão Barbosa Ferraz, who was a former Roman Catholic priest, was consecrated bishop by Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa for the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil (Igreja Católica Apostólica Brasileira) in 1945. He eventually reconciled with the Roman Catholic Church in 1958 during the pontificate of Pope Pius XII. Bishop Salomão Barbosa Ferraz was named by the Holy See to be Titular Bishop of Eleuterna on May 12, 1963. Although still married, Bishop Salomão Barbosa Ferraz was later appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Rio de Janeiro by Pope John XXIII. He was later called by Pope Paul VI to serve on a working commission of the Second Vatican Council and addressed to the Council Fathers in session.It is notable that Bishop Salomão Barbosa Ferraz was never re-consecrated by the Roman Catholic Church, not even conditionally (subconditione), and later was buried with the full honours accorded Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church.The Roman Church by accepting Bishop Salomão Barbosa Ferraz in this manner, without any reconsecration, affirm “de Jure” and “de Facto” the sacramental validity of the lines of apostolicsuccession of the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil, which is found also within the CatholicApostolic National Church.
Bishop Orlando Arce-Moya was also consecrated by Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa of the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil (Igreja Católica Apostólica Brasileira). Bishop Arce-Moya was the third Bishop consecrated by Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa. Bishop Orlando Arce-Moya made his submission to Rome and was accepted with full Episcopal functions. Pope John XIII simply accepted Bishop Arce-Moya’s consecration as being valid and Bishop Arce-Moya was never re-consecrated not even subconditione. He was appointed by the Holy See as Auxiliary Bishop to the Archbishop of Madrid in Spain. Bishop Arce-Moya died some years later and was buried with full honours of that of a bishop.By accepting the above bishops from the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil, the Roman Catholic Church has affirmed de jure and de facto the sacramental validity of Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa’s Apostolic Succession. ICAB UK was formerly founded as the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil in the United Kingdom; however, ICAB UK left the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil. The communion with the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil as the Bishops of the Church found that the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil under the new regime of late 2007 "President" and under the new president was too liberal.
  H.E. ARCHBISHOP DAVID BELL
The Society of Pope Leo XIII is headed by Archbishop David G. Bell who was consecrated by His Beatitude Luis Fernando Castillo-Méndez, Patriarch of Brazil and All Catholic Apostolic National Churches and Archbishop of Brasilia, who in turn was consecrated by Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa. The Archbishop of London is the Primate of sSPLXIII. He was appointed Archbishop and Primus of the United Kingdom and he was bestowed the highest honour placed upon a non-Brazilian Catholic bishop by His Beatitude Patriarch Luis Fernando Castillo-Méndez.  H.E. ARCHBISHOP DAVID BELL CONSECRATED BY H.B. PATRIARCH LUIS FERNANDO MENDEZ(Principal Consecrator); CO CONSECRATORS WAS BISHOP JOSIVALDO AND BISHOP OLINTO.
The Dual nationality Archbishop of the United Kingdom was appointed by the Patriarchal Decree as the Secretary for Doctrine and Faith of the Brazilian Patriarchate, signed and sealed by His Beatitude Patriarch Luis Fernando Castillo-Méndez, his position ceased as Secretary for Doctrine & Faith upon the death of the Patriarch on the 29th October 2009.
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1st PATRIARCH OF BRAZIL. Roman Catholic Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa. Born. 1888 – Died. 1961. 
